![]() They are presumed to represent orthogonal dimensions that can vary independently in strength indicating that all combination of (relatively) high and (relatively) low PS and RS may be evident in a particular population. Punishment and reward sensitivity stem from the reinforcement sensitivity theory. ![]() Two important traits that have often been linked to symptoms of anxiety and behavioral disorders are sensitivity to punishment (PS) and sensitivity to reward (RS). Insight in the underlying processes of this comorbidity may provide clues that can help improve these children’s condition. Importantly, it has been found that children with anxiety and comorbid anger problems profit less from current treatment approaches, have greater impairment in daily life, and are at increased risk for continued mental health problems in adulthood. ![]() Intriguingly, about 20% of children and young people (CYP) with an anxiety disorder also meet criteria for a disruptive behavioral disorder, characterized by anger and oppositional behaviors. High punishment and reward sensitivity may thus set adolescents at risk for developing (comorbid) anger problems via heightened threat and non-reward perceptions.Īnxiety disorders are among the most prevalent disorders in childhood. The latter association also had an indirect effect via perceived non-reward. In line with the hypotheses, an indirect effect of reward sensitivity on anger was found via perceived non-reward, and an indirect effect of punishment sensitivity on anger via perceived threat. By presenting participants (N = 158, mean age = 15.7, 56% female) with a series of common anger-eliciting situations, we tested whether high reward sensitivity would be associated with anger via perceived non-reward, and high punishment sensitivity via perceived threat. This study was therefore designed to examine trait factors that may promote anger responding in adolescents. Such comorbid profile is associated with low treatment effectiveness and negative (longterm) outcomes. A substantial proportion of youth with anxiety disorders shows comorbid behavioral (anger) problems.
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